CystitisCall the bladder inflammation.In most cases, this inflammation is caused by a bacterial infection and is a type of urinary tract infection (IMVP).Bladder infection can be very painful and exhausting, and can also cause more serious problems if you enter the kidneys that ascend.
In rare cases, cystitis can be a reaction to certain medications, radiotherapy or other stimuli: aerosols for female hygiene, spermicide gels or long -term use of the urinary catheter.Cystitis can also be a complication of another disease.
Typically, bacterial cystitis requires antibiotic prescription.The treatment of other types of cystitis depends on its cause.
Symptoms and signs of cystitis
Cystitis symptoms include:
Imperative (sudden and very strong) urgency of urinating
False urine
Burning during urination
Frequent urine, small urine
Blood in urine (hematuria)
Mud and/or urine urine with an unpleasant acute smell
Discomfort in the pelvis area
Pressure pressure at the bottom of the abdomen
Subfile body temperature (from 37 to 38 degrees)
In young children, the sudden appearance of daily enuresis (urinary incontinence) can also be a sign of urinary tract infection (IMVP).
When to see a doctor
Look for medical help immediately if you have symptoms that are characteristic of renal infection, in particular:
Back or side pain
Fever and chills
Nausea and vomiting
Frequent and painful urination, which lasts more than a few hours
Blood in the urine.
It is especially important to consult a doctor if this is not the first episode of cystitis.
If you have just completed the treatment course and symptoms have already returned, consult a doctor immediately.
If your child has an enuresis during the day, call your pediatrician
The causes and risk factors of cystitis
The human urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, bladder and urethra (urethra).
The main function of the urinary system is to eliminate the scum of the body.The kidneys filter blood, releasing primary and secondary urine of it;Secondary urine flows through the ureters to the bladder and accumulates there for several hours, after which the bladder is filled, the person feels the need to urinate and empty the bladder through the urethra.
Bacterial cystitis
Urinary infections generally occur when outside bacteria penetrate the urinary tract through the urethra, and begin to multiply there.Very often, cystitis is caused by E. coli bacteria.
Bacterial cystitis can occur in women as a complication of sexual relations, especially this happens after the first sexual relationship in the life of a woman.But even sexually inactive girls and women are susceptible to infections of the lower urinary tract, because the women of the genitals are often obseous bacteria that cause cystitis.
Non -infectious cystitis
Nebakterialnym Cistitam includes:
Interstitial cystitis.The causes of this chronic bladder inflammation, also called painful bladder syndrome, are not yet clear.More often it is found in women.This disease can be difficult to identify and cure.
Medication cystitis.Some medications, chemotherapeutic medications can cause cystitis, since they accumulate in the bladder and irritate their wall.
Radiation cystitis.Pelvic area radiation treatment can cause inflammatory changes in bladder tissues.
Cystitis of a foreign body.Prolonged use of the urinary catheter can increase the risk of bacterial infections and tissue damage;Both factors can cause cystitis.
Chemical cystitis.Some people may have greater sensitivity to chemicals contained in Jacuzzi, female hygiene aerosols, Spermicidnyh gels and other substances.Local chemical irritation or allergic inflammation: Cause typical symptoms of cystitis.
Cystitis caused by other factors.Sometimes, cystitis can occur as a complication of other diseases, such as diabetes, kidney stones, prostate hypertrophy or spinal cord injury.
Risk factors
It is more likely that some people develop recurrent infections of the urinary tract than others.First, the risk factor is the female floor: a short urethra makes women more vulnerable before this disease.
Among women, those who: who:
Sexually active.Sexual relations can lead to Protalkivaniyu bacteria in the urethra.
Use some contraceptive media.Women who use diaphragms and other membranes impregnated with spermicidnym gel are more likely to suffer cystitis.
Pregnancy.Hormonal changes during pregnancy can increase the risk of cystitis.
Located in menopause.Changed hormones in men in menopause are often an IMVP provociruyut.
Other risk factors for cystitis in men and women include:
Urine obstacle.It can be caused by a stone in the bladder or an enlarged prostate (in men).
Changes in the immune system.They occur in diseases such as diabetes, HIV infection and cancer chemotherapy.The suppression of the immune system increases the risk of bacterial and, in some cases, viral cystitis.
Long -term use of the urinary catheter.Older people and people with some diseases may need to use a prolonged urinary catheter.This often leads to greater vulnerability before bacterial infections, as well as direct damage to bladder tissues.
In men without predisposing factors: cystitis is rare.
Cystitis complications
With rapid and adequate treatment, cystitis rarely leads to complications.However, with an inopportune treatment, cystitis can cause more serious diseases.
Cystitis complications include, first, pyelonephritis (infectious renal inflammation).An inflamed bladder infection can fall into ascending kidneys, which, in turn, can cause pyelonephritis and even irreversible damage to renal tissue (nephrosclerosis).
The first children and the elderly have the greatest risk of renal damage due to bladder infections, because IMVP symptoms are often overlooked or erroneously taken by doctors by the symptoms of other diseases.
Preparation for a visit to the doctor
If you, or your child, have characteristic symptoms of cystitis, you must make an appointment with a doctor.First, it must be examined by a pediatrician, a therapist or a general practitioner, and then, if he considers it necessary, he will be aimed at a urologist or nephrologist.In anticipation of reception time, you can make a list that will reduce and optimize communication time with the doctor:
Write your symptoms, including those that do not seem related to cystitis
Make a list of all drugs, vitamins or food additives that you accept
Write questions that you would like to ask your doctor
For example, you can ask a doctor:
What probably caused my illness?
What additional exams do I need to pass?
What factors, in your opinion, contributed to the development of cystitis?
What type of treatment approach recommends?
If this course does not bring relief, what treatment do you advise me below?
What side effects can be expected from the prescribed treatment course?
What is the risk of this problem being repeated?
What can I do to reduce the risk of relapse?
Do I need a query of a narrow, urologist or nephrologist?
Do not hesitate to ask questions that arise with you during a conversation with a doctor.
Your doctor will probably ask you a series of questions, for example:
When did you notice these symptoms for the first time?
Have you been treated for urinary tract infections before?
How strong experience?
How often do you get wet?
After urine, how long does it last?
Do you have low back pain?
Did you have a high temperature?
Have you noticed the discharge of the vagina or blood in the urine?
Are you sexually active?
Do you use creams for contraception?Which?
Are you not pregnant?
Do you take medications, biological supplements or vitamins?Do you have any chronic diseases?
Have you ever used an urinary catheter?
Cystitis diagnosis
In addition to questioning their symptoms and physics exam, your doctor may recommend certain tests and tests, such as:
General urine analysisThe test is used as Skrininningovy and as a diagnosis.In this analysis, the IMVP can be discussed in an increase in leukocytes, red blood cells and nitrites.
Urine analysis for sterility.If it is suspected that the bladder is infection, the doctor can prescribe urine analysis for sterility, which will show the type of bacteria in the urine and its number.
General Blood AnalysisThis analysis shows non -specific inflammatory changes in white blood cells, and can indirectly indicate the presence and severity of the urinary tract (IMVP).
Cystoscopy.During this study, the doctor introduces a cystoscope: a thin pipe with background light and video camera, through the urethra towards the bladder, and examines it from the inside to study structural anomalies and signs of inflammation.
When using a cystoscope, the doctor can also take a small sample of fabric (biopsy) of a suspicious place for laboratory analysis.However, cystoscopy is not shown to all patients with cystitis, but only patients with recurrent or nebacterial cystitis.
Visualsiruyushchie Methods.These research methods are also required by all patients, but only for those who cannot find the cause of the relapse of the IMVP in other ways.For example, the general radiography of the abdomen, or ultrasound of retroperitoneal space, can identify structural anomalies of the bladder, ureters and kidneys.In some cases, a contrast is carried out before radiography, ascending (cystography) or descending (intravenous urography).
Treatment of cystitis
Cystitis caused by a bacterial infection is generally treated with antibiotics.The treatment of non -infectious cystitis depends on its cause.
Bacterial cystitis treatment
Firstline antibiotics are drugs that are active against the intestinal stick, or those bacteria that were found in the urine during planting.
Primary infectionThe symptoms generally improve significantly in the first days of treatment, but the doctor can insist on continuing the therapy of three to seven days, depending on the seriousness of his infection.
Repeated infection.If you have an IMVP relapse, the doctor may recommend a longer antibiotic treatment or directs a doctor who specializes in the treatment of urinary tract infections (urologist or nephrologist) to identify the cause of relapse.For some women with recurrent bacterial cystitami, a unique dose of the antibiotic after each sexual relationship can be useful.
Nosocomial infections.The nosocomial infections of the bladder can be extremely difficult to treat, because the bacteria that cause them are often resistant to the main antibiotics used for the therapy of extracurricular infections of the bladder.Therefore, the doctor can prescribe several antibiotics at the same time.
Treatment of interstitial cystitis
The reason for the development of interstitial cystitis remains uncertain, so there is no suitable universal treatment regime for all patients at the same time.The doctor can try the following treatment methods:
Preparations used orally or managed directly in the bladder.
Local procedures that relieve symptoms, such as bladder stretching, filling it with water or gas.
The excitation of the nerve with light electrical impulses (physiotization) to relieve pain in the pelvic area and, in some cases, reduce the frequency of urine
Treatment of other forms of non -infectious cystitis
In the first place, it is necessary to eliminate the cause that causes non -infectious cystitis: jacuzzi, spermicide cream, etc.
The treatment of cystitis, which develops as a complication of chemotherapy or radiotherapy, focuses on pain suppression (usually using analgesics) and washing to reduce contact with irritants in the bladder.
Homemade lifestyle and remedies
Cystitis can be very painful, but there are simple home methods to greatly facilitate this discomfort:
Use the heating pad.Place the heating pad on the bottom of the abdomen, this will largely relieve pain and heaviness in the pelvis.
Do not allow dehydration.Drink many liquids.Avoid coffee, alcohol, non -alcoholic beverages that contain caffeine, citrus juices;As well as spicy foods, until cystitis symptoms decrease.These substances can irritate the bladder and aggravate the frequency and intensity of urine.
Take a sedentary bath.Subure the crotch in hot water for 15-20 minutes, this will significantly relieve pain and discomfort.
With recurring IMVP, discuss your optimal personal tactics of therapy and symptomatic treatment with your doctor.
Cystitis prevention
The blueberry juice or tablets containing pro -aanthocyanidine are often recommended to reduce the risk of recurrent infections of some women's bladder.However, recent studies show that these methods are not as effective as previously thought.
You can still try to take the blueberry juice daily, but remember that it cannot be combined with warfarin, since this combination can cause bleeding.
The following simple rules can be useful for the prevention of cystitis:
Drink many liquids, especially water.This is especially important if it obtains chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Heat more frequently.If you feel the need to urinate, do not postpone a visit to the bathroom.
After defecation, clean the crotch at the front.This prevents bacteria in the anal region in the vagina and urethra.
Take a shower, not a bath.If it is prone to IMVP relapses, if you reject the bathroom and showers, since stagnant water in the bathroom can help penetrate the urethra infection.
Gently wash the skin around the vagina and anus.Do this daily, but do not use irritating soaps and do not make energy efforts.In delicate skin around these areas, irritation occurs.
Enough of the bladder as soon as possible after sexual intercourse.Drink a glass full of water to return to the bathroom soon.
Avoid the use of deodorants and aerosols, as well as other female cosmetic in the genital area.These substances can irritate the urethra and bladder.